大三Speech課講的。
Can't believe I actually wrote this stuff and memorized it!!
[Thesis] The development of Taiwanese opera has gone through four
important stages-namely, roadside show, open-air show, stage
show, and television performance.
[Introduction]
[Attention Getter]
People nowadays are really fortunate. We have all kinds
of entertainment-- you can turn on the TV and see various
shows and programs, you can listen to Jacky Cheung or A-Mei,
MichaelJackson or Spice Girls, or you can go to movie theaters
to see Arnold or Jodie Foster. But have you ever wondered
what the older generation- our grandfathers and grandmothers
do for entertainment when they were young? If you ask your
grandpa what they like to watch, the answer is probably Taiwanese
Opera. Taiwanese Opera, the loyal friend of many Taiwanese,
is about one hundred years old. However, don’t think of it
as an aged senile; on the contrary, our friend gains her
vigor with age. During the past hundred years, she’s been
like a lady with different faces, pleasing her audience with
her variety and beauty. Are you curious about the growing
history of this versatile lady? Do you want to know how she
accompanied most Taiwanese through the century?
[Statement of Thesis]
Now, let me be your guide and lead you through the past
century of Taiwanese opera. The development of Taiwanese
opera has gone through four most important stages, classified
according to the forms of performance most popular at that time.
These four stages are roadside show, open-air show, stage show,
and television performance.
[Body]
1.The primitive form of Taiwanese opera is the roadside show,
also known as the “Lo-di sao”, literally, “sweeping the ground.”
The very original form is the simplest. During their leisure time
of harvest, people used to sing some folk songs for
entertainment. It then gradually developed into the form of a
drama, using four bamboo poles to mark a square and then play
in the middle of it. The performers did not have special costume
or many props. And this may surprise many of you-at this stage,
the performers are mostly male. People’s first impression of
Taiwanese opera is probably females playing male roles, but in
roadside shows, even female characters were played by male
actors. How did the audience know if it was a “he” or “she”?
The one holding a fan was a male character, and one holding a
handkerchief a female.
[Transition] All kinds of drama performance require a stage.
Therefore, four bamboo poles were replaced by an out-
door stage.
2.This is the second phase of development of Taiwanese opera-the
open-air show.
Unlike the roadside show which was mainly to amuse people
themselves, the open-air show was played for the gods. The
stage was usually set in front of a temple during festivals.
Because it was played as a ritual ceremony, before the real
show started, there was usually a short performance of [扮仙
戲], mostly about the celebration of the god’s birthday. Like
the roadside show, the open-air show was not played according
to a fixed script, but extemporaneously. This was much more
challenging because the performers had to rely on their
attainment and knowledge, and their reaction on the spot.
[Transition] About in the 20s, the outdoor performance gradually
became indoors.
3.Thus came the third stage in sequence-the theatrical stage show.
Taiwanese opera entered indoor theater in about the year 1925.
The theatrical performance was engaged for making profits.
Therefore the audience had to pay for the tickets to watch a
performance. To attract people, the actors in costume paraded
on the streets before performance and the performance
incorporated other stage techniques like sound and light to add
variety. Taiwanese opera was popular throughout the whole
island. Unfortunately, in 1937 World War II broke out, the
Japanese prohibited the performance of Taiwanese opera, and
many troupes were dismissed. Taiwanese opera had to go
underground. The actors wore kimonos, held samurai swords,
and the emperor became a president, the royal family became a
big company. It was not until the war ended that Taiwanese
opera regained its popularity.
[Transition] In 1962, Taiwan Television Company was established.
Taiwanese opera faced another change.
4.Then, there came the television performance, which is the fourth
stage.
The television performance enabled the audience to sit at home
and enjoy Taiwanese opera, and thus accelerated the decline of
other forms of performance. The television performance was a
lot different from others. While stage performances put more
emphasis on performers’ gestures and body movements, TV
performance had to limit the gestures and body movements
within the frame of the television. On the contrary, TV
performance relied a lot on facial expression, because the lance
can give each performer close-ups. In addition, while on the
stage the props were few and simple, only to suggest than to
depict, in a TV show there were more real settings and props.
The performance adopted realism rather than symbolism.
[Transition] After you hear the above four stages, don’t be misled to
think that there is only television performance nowadays.
The previous forms of presentation coexist with the newly
developed forms rather than dying out.
5.Different forms of Taiwanese opera can still be found
throughout the island.
You can still find roadside show in I-lan area, though very rare.
Open-air show is still the primary form of presentation
nowadays. Besides, recently there are more and more people
dedicated to the innovation of Taiwanese opera, producing
classic theatrical Taiwanese opera.
[Conclusion]
[Summary of main points]
To review what has been covered, the development of
Taiwanese opera has gone through four important stages-the
roadside show, open-air show, theatrical stage show, and
television show. These different kinds of presentation can still
be found everywhere in Taiwan.
[Clincher]
On the last day of 1999, I went to an open-air performance. I
was joined by a crowd of people young and old. As the
performer sang, I almost wept. Thinking how Taiwanese opera
accompanied most Taiwanese through the century, I feel this is
the most meaningful way of greeting the millenium year. We
grow up listening to pop songs and western music, not realizing
the beauty of the very indigenous art we have. I have a dream
that someday when we hear “身騎白馬過三關”, we would
smile and say, “Ah, this is our song!”
[Resources]
[Resources]
http://www.cyberstage.com.tw/story/folkarts_c/ 傳統表演藝術之美
http://fly.to/TWopera 歌仔戲資訊站-歌仔戲的發展與變遷
大家來唱歌仔戲（終身學習光碟系列，由教育部與國立中正文化中心製作）
Can't believe I actually wrote this stuff and memorized it!!
[Thesis] The development of Taiwanese opera has gone through four
important stages-namely, roadside show, open-air show, stage
show, and television performance.
[Introduction]
[Attention Getter]
People nowadays are really fortunate. We have all kinds
of entertainment-- you can turn on the TV and see various
shows and programs, you can listen to Jacky Cheung or A-Mei,
MichaelJackson or Spice Girls, or you can go to movie theaters
to see Arnold or Jodie Foster. But have you ever wondered
what the older generation- our grandfathers and grandmothers
do for entertainment when they were young? If you ask your
grandpa what they like to watch, the answer is probably Taiwanese
Opera. Taiwanese Opera, the loyal friend of many Taiwanese,
is about one hundred years old. However, don’t think of it
as an aged senile; on the contrary, our friend gains her
vigor with age. During the past hundred years, she’s been
like a lady with different faces, pleasing her audience with
her variety and beauty. Are you curious about the growing
history of this versatile lady? Do you want to know how she
accompanied most Taiwanese through the century?
[Statement of Thesis]
Now, let me be your guide and lead you through the past
century of Taiwanese opera. The development of Taiwanese
opera has gone through four most important stages, classified
according to the forms of performance most popular at that time.
These four stages are roadside show, open-air show, stage show,
and television performance.
[Body]
1.The primitive form of Taiwanese opera is the roadside show,
also known as the “Lo-di sao”, literally, “sweeping the ground.”
The very original form is the simplest. During their leisure time
of harvest, people used to sing some folk songs for
entertainment. It then gradually developed into the form of a
drama, using four bamboo poles to mark a square and then play
in the middle of it. The performers did not have special costume
or many props. And this may surprise many of you-at this stage,
the performers are mostly male. People’s first impression of
Taiwanese opera is probably females playing male roles, but in
roadside shows, even female characters were played by male
actors. How did the audience know if it was a “he” or “she”?
The one holding a fan was a male character, and one holding a
handkerchief a female.
[Transition] All kinds of drama performance require a stage.
Therefore, four bamboo poles were replaced by an out-
door stage.
2.This is the second phase of development of Taiwanese opera-the
open-air show.
Unlike the roadside show which was mainly to amuse people
themselves, the open-air show was played for the gods. The
stage was usually set in front of a temple during festivals.
Because it was played as a ritual ceremony, before the real
show started, there was usually a short performance of [扮仙
戲], mostly about the celebration of the god’s birthday. Like
the roadside show, the open-air show was not played according
to a fixed script, but extemporaneously. This was much more
challenging because the performers had to rely on their
attainment and knowledge, and their reaction on the spot.
[Transition] About in the 20s, the outdoor performance gradually
became indoors.
3.Thus came the third stage in sequence-the theatrical stage show.
Taiwanese opera entered indoor theater in about the year 1925.
The theatrical performance was engaged for making profits.
Therefore the audience had to pay for the tickets to watch a
performance. To attract people, the actors in costume paraded
on the streets before performance and the performance
incorporated other stage techniques like sound and light to add
variety. Taiwanese opera was popular throughout the whole
island. Unfortunately, in 1937 World War II broke out, the
Japanese prohibited the performance of Taiwanese opera, and
many troupes were dismissed. Taiwanese opera had to go
underground. The actors wore kimonos, held samurai swords,
and the emperor became a president, the royal family became a
big company. It was not until the war ended that Taiwanese
opera regained its popularity.
[Transition] In 1962, Taiwan Television Company was established.
Taiwanese opera faced another change.
4.Then, there came the television performance, which is the fourth
stage.
The television performance enabled the audience to sit at home
and enjoy Taiwanese opera, and thus accelerated the decline of
other forms of performance. The television performance was a
lot different from others. While stage performances put more
emphasis on performers’ gestures and body movements, TV
performance had to limit the gestures and body movements
within the frame of the television. On the contrary, TV
performance relied a lot on facial expression, because the lance
can give each performer close-ups. In addition, while on the
stage the props were few and simple, only to suggest than to
depict, in a TV show there were more real settings and props.
The performance adopted realism rather than symbolism.
[Transition] After you hear the above four stages, don’t be misled to
think that there is only television performance nowadays.
The previous forms of presentation coexist with the newly
developed forms rather than dying out.
5.Different forms of Taiwanese opera can still be found
throughout the island.
You can still find roadside show in I-lan area, though very rare.
Open-air show is still the primary form of presentation
nowadays. Besides, recently there are more and more people
dedicated to the innovation of Taiwanese opera, producing
classic theatrical Taiwanese opera.
[Conclusion]
[Summary of main points]
To review what has been covered, the development of
Taiwanese opera has gone through four important stages-the
roadside show, open-air show, theatrical stage show, and
television show. These different kinds of presentation can still
be found everywhere in Taiwan.
[Clincher]
On the last day of 1999, I went to an open-air performance. I
was joined by a crowd of people young and old. As the
performer sang, I almost wept. Thinking how Taiwanese opera
accompanied most Taiwanese through the century, I feel this is
the most meaningful way of greeting the millenium year. We
grow up listening to pop songs and western music, not realizing
the beauty of the very indigenous art we have. I have a dream
that someday when we hear “身騎白馬過三關”, we would
smile and say, “Ah, this is our song!”
[Resources]
[Resources]
http://www.cyberstage.com.tw/story/folkarts_c/ 傳統表演藝術之美
http://fly.to/TWopera 歌仔戲資訊站-歌仔戲的發展與變遷
大家來唱歌仔戲（終身學習光碟系列，由教育部與國立中正文化中心製作）
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